What service makes it easy to launch and scale high-performance file systems in the cloud?

Amazon FSx is the correct choice for launching and scaling high-performance file systems in the cloud. It is specifically designed to provide fully managed file storage that supports file systems such as Windows File Server and Lustre. By opting for Amazon FSx, users benefit from its ability to easily scale the storage requirements as needed, while also ensuring high performance for workloads that require rapid access to files.

This service is particularly advantageous for applications that need low-latency access to shared datasets or those that require a specific type of file system capability, thus making it an ideal solution for high-performance applications. Amazon FSx abstracts the complexity of managing file systems and allows for automatic backups, data replication, and integration with other AWS services, which can enhance operational efficiency and reliability.

In contrast, other services listed have different primary functions: Amazon EBS is block storage for individual EC2 instances, Amazon S3 is an object storage service suitable for data lake and backup scenarios, and Amazon CloudWatch is primarily a monitoring and management service for AWS resources. These alternatives do not provide the high-performance file system capabilities tailored to specific workloads in the same manner as Amazon FSx does.